affirmative

@ Justice by Michael Sandel

... we don't only read these books(philosophical legacy). we will debate equality and inequality, affirmative action, free speech versus hate speech, same-sex marriage, military conscription ...

affirmative
1. 확언적인, 확정적인
2. 긍정

affirmative action
1. <미국> 차별 시정 조치, 소수 민족 우대 정책
positive steps taken to ensure that minority groups are not discriminated against, especially as regards employment.

af(ad=to) + firm(strong): 확언적인, 단정적인
affirm: 확언하다, 단정하다
affirmation: 확언, 단언, 긍정